China’s Evolution in International Standardization: From Follower to Global Leader

In a recent paper, Vanessa Yanhua Zhang and John Jiong Gong examined how China has evolved from a passive participant in international standard-setting to an increasingly assertive global leader. Titled “China’s Evolution in International Standardization: From Follower to Global Leader”, the study explores the institutional, economic, and strategic shifts that have allowed China to shape technical standards across key industries, with implications for global trade, competition, and innovation.

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Abstract

This study explores China’s evolution from a follower to one of the global leaders in international standardization. Following reforms to its standardization system, China has transitioned from a government-led model to a public-private partnership approach, achieving complete alignment with international practices. Supported by strong research and development (R&D) capabilities, market-oriented reforms, and regional and other international cooperation efforts, such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China has emerged as an increasingly prominent player in international standard-setting, with its influence growing rapidly. This study also features case studies highlighting China’s significant contributions to international standard-setting in telecommunications, high-speed rail, and solar energy.